Physical and Geometrical Optics:
Eugene Hecht - Optics, International Edition (4th. Ed) Addison Wesley ISBN: 0321188780 ,2002|
Lasers and Optical Fibres:
Amnon Yariv, Pochi Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications,Oxford University Press; Sixth Edition edition (Jan 25 2006),
Spectroscopy
W. Demtroeder , Laser spectroscopy: basic concepts and instrumentation, Springer, 2003.
Applications
Jacob Fraden: Handbook of Modern Sensors - Physics, Designs and Applications (3rd Edition)
2004 Springer - Verlag
Learning Objectives
Knowledge acquired: Basic wave optics with intuitive concepts of quantum mechanics. Knowledge of the physics of lasers and of the physics of various optoelectronic devices
Competence acquired :
Expertise on various experimental methods of optical and spectroscopic measurements
Skills acquired (at the end of the course): Planning of optical measurements system, with special regard to the application subject of the final exam.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of multivariate analysis, complex numbers, basic knowledge of mechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism.
Teaching Methods
6 CFU
Lectures and Laboratory visits: 48 hours
Further information
Office hours
F. S. Cataliotti: Monday and Tuesday17:00 to 19:00 at the Department of Energetics, Via S. Marta other dates by mail appointment
S. Sciortino: see http://hep.fi.infn.it/sciortino/ricevimento_studenti.html
Website
hep.fi.infn.it/sciortino/Didattica
Type of Assessment
Oral test on the course programme together with a presentation by the student of a subject of study previously chosen and agreed with the teachers
Course program
Basic concepts of Electromagnetic Waves:
Maxwell's equations. Electro-magnetic waves. Plane electro-magnetic waves. Spherical waves. Monochromatic waves. Spectrum of the electromagnetic field. Photon energy associated with an electromagnetic frequency. Complex representation of the electromagnetic field. Poynting's theorem (propagation of electromagnetic energy).
Reflection and refraction. Dispersion and absorption. Classical model of dispersive materials, dielectrics and metal. Performance of index of refraction (complex) with the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. Group velocity.
Interference and temporal coherence. Introduction to the phenomenon. Simple examples of interferometers. Interferometric measurements of roughness of surfaces.
Diffraction. Introduction to the phenomenon. Fraunhofer diffraction (or far-field).
Limit of geometrical optics. Thin lenses and thick lrenses. Optical instruments: Human eye, magnifying glass, optical microscope. Diffraction limited Resolution
Optical fibers. Propagation in optical fiber. Modes of propagation and dispersion. Attenuation in optical fibers.
Thermal sources. Basic concepts of radiometry. Black body spectrum, Wien's Law, Stefan Boltzmann's law, emissivity. Optical measurements of temperature: optical pyrometers.
Laser. Radiation-matter interaction: spontaneous and stimulated emission, absorption. Population inversion. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous line broadening. Optical Resonators. Theory of laser oscillation in the semiclassical approximation. Three and four level lasers. Gain saturation. Emission frequency and linewidth of a laser. Pulsed lasers: mode-locking, Q-switching.
Spectroscopy. Grating spectrometers. Introduction to Raman spectroscopy. Description of an experimental setup.