Principles of charged particle acceleration. Linear and circular accelerators. Storage rings. Luminosity. Principles of interaction between particles/radiation and matter. Tracking of charged particles in gas and solid state detectors. Scintillators. Photomultipliers. Electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters.Particle identification (dE/dx, Time-of-flight, Cerenkov, transition radiation). Data acquisition. Data processing. Examples of experimental apparatuses for high energy physics.
H. Wiedemann, Particle Accelerator Physics, Springer Verlag, 2007.
M.Conte, W.W. MacKay, An Introduction to the Physics of Particle Accelerators,
World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008
C. Grupen,Particle Detectors, Cambridge University Press, 1996
R. Fernow, Introduction to Experimental Particle Physics,
Cambridge University Press, 1992
W.R. Leo, Tecniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments,
Springer Verlag, 1994
D. Green, The Physics of Particle Detectors.
Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Electronic material is available on the web site (see below).
Learning Objectives
Knowledge acquired:
Principles of acceleration of charged particles, of interaction between radiation and matter, of the detection of radiation and particles, and of data acquisition.
Competence acquired :
Motion of charged particles in accelerating structures. Quantitative treatment of the interaction between radiation or particles and matter. Operation and characteristic equations of particle detectors.
Skills acquired (at the end of the course):
Global view and detailed knowledge of particle accelerators, particle detectors and large detector systems. Design concepts of high energy experiments with respect to the processes and variables to be measured.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of classical physics
(mainly electrodynamics) and
modern physics, with specific reference to special relativity, quantum theory and structure of matter.
The final test is a presentation of an high energy physics experimental apparatus or of a measurement done using such an apparatus.
It consists in a presentation of an experimental system of high energy physics. After that there will be questions upon the presentation and upon the program of the course.
Course program
ACCELERATORS.
Principles of charged particle acceleration.
Linear and circular accelerators. Cyclotrons. Synchrotrons. Storage rings. Luminosity.
Polarization. Secondary and neutrino beams. Applications of accelerators in industry, medicine and energy production.
INTERACTION BETWEEN
RADIATION AND MATTER.
Principles of interaction between particles/radiation and matter.Interactions of charged particles. Bethe-Heitler formula. Landau distribution.Scintillation. Cerenkov and transition radiation.Radiation emission. Interactions of photons (photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, pair production). Nuclear and neutron interactions.Neutrino interactions. Electromagnetic and hadronic showers.
PARTICLE AND RADIATION DETECTORS.
Tracking of charged particles in gas and solid state detectors. Momentum measurement.Operation of gas detectors. MWPC. Drift chambers. Time Projection Chamber. Solid state detectors. Junctions. CCD. Pixel. Strip.Silicon Drift Chamber. Radiation damage. Scintillators. Photomultipliers. Photodiodes.Electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters.Compensation. Particle identification (dE/dx, Time-of-flight, Cerenkov, transition radiation).Threshold Cerenkov counters. RICH.Data acquisition. Data processing. Trigger.
LARGE DETECTOR SYSTEMS. Examples of detector systems for high energy. Experiments at LHC.